![]() Ethos (the ethical appeal) is used by a speaker to convince the audience about the speaker's credibility or character (Aristotle, as cited in Kennedy, 1991 Braet, 1992). The words ethos, pathos, and logos come from the Greek language. The result of the analysis is to give a comprehensive view of how ethos, pathos, and logos were built structurally in a persuasive, yet provocative speech.Ģ.1. It means that the right mood system to apply will affect the persuasiveness of the message the sender intends to deliver. One of the factors contributing to the successful building of the elements lies in the mood system being used. The three elements ( ethos, pathos, and logos) are essential for persuading the audience on a given topic in a persuasive speech. It would be interesting, therefore, to analyze how the President built his ethos, pathos, and logos clauses in his political speech. For example, to have someone to take medicine will likely need different linguistic strategies than to have the same person to have ice cream. 104) explained that “a change of topic requires a change in the language used” which implies that different purposes of speech will require a different linguistic strategy to apply. This current research carries out a lexico-grammatical analysis on the main clauses in President Trump's persuasive yet controversial speech with the aim of identifying how interpersonal relationships are created between the speaker and the audience and how the systems of mood are used to build the ethos, pathos, and logos (Aristotle's elements of persuasion). The grammatical viewpoint was chosen to analyze the rhetorical device of ethos, pathos, and logos because most of the previous studies concerned with the discussion of the power words, pragmatics, social, even psychological aspects of the devices (e.g., Braet, 1992 Higgins and Walker, 2012). The grammatical analysis on a persuasive speech is worthwhile to do because one's techniques of persuading the audience can be seen from the grammatical choices the person uses, as grammar is vital in persuasion ( Power, 1998). The primary purpose of a persuasive speech is to get the audience convinced and persuaded about the subject matter of the speech. Because of its persuasive and controversial values, the speech is worth analyzing. The speech was also controversial because it had received a positive response from the President's supporters but got adverse reactions from his rivals which strengthened tensions across the Middle East ( Sofos and Felci, 2017). ![]() More specifically, this speech can be categorized as an analytical exposition whose purpose is to persuade that something is the case ( Coffin, 2004). It was persuasive since he used it to persuade the audience to agree with his decision. ![]() The speech was a persuasive yet controversial one. This paper is an investigation into the nature of propositions made in President Trump's speech on Jerusalem delivered on Decem( Trump, 2017), from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Grammatically, the controversial side of the speech was mostly featured by several clauses containing negative elements such as blaming and negative polarity, especially when talking about previous US presidents and governments. The high use of declarative moods indicated that he positioned himself as an information bearer, to shorten the gap between him and his audience. The results show that in the speech: 1) the ethos clause was built by employing the declarative mood functioning as a statement to show his credibility 2) the pathos clauses were composed by implementing two moods: mostly declaratives which mainly functioned as statements, and few imperative moods to arouse both positive and negative feelings of the audience 3) and the logos clauses were composed by using the declarative moods functioning as statements to give bases for his argumentation. It applies a discourse analysis with a qualitative approach to see how the President grammatically composed his ethos, pathos, and logos clauses. The interpersonal relationships between the speaker and the audience concerning the building of ethos, pathos, and logos are revealed. This article presents an analysis of the nature of propositions made in President Trump's persuasive, yet controversial speech on Jerusalem from the perspective of mood analysis.
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